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be designed as reward systems (i.e., students earn tokens for demonstrating positive behaviors) or as response-cost systems (i.e., students earn tokens for positive behaviors and lose tokens for behaviors that are inconsistent with expectations). Tokens are exchanged for rewards or privileges over time. Token economies improve behavior by connecting positive behavior to a reward (and connecting challenging behavior to a cost, if using response-cost). When expectations for the economy are clearly articulated, this system provides opportunities for students to make choices and learn about the connection between choices and outcomes.